The architectural science is a science that concerns the physical form of artificial space as a place for humans related to all the complexities of their needs, whether individual or communal. The physical form of artificial space consists of individual buildings and the built environment that accommodates individual and communal human beings within the environment. The presence of the artificial space of human life reached a wide scale in nature or the cultivation sector of nature that ensures the existence of human life. Thus, architecture is part of the science of human settlement in the broadest sense. According to Doxiadis: “Human Settlements are, by definition, settlements inhabited by man” (in Ekistics, 1968). For that reason, human settlement has a scale from a building shelter, built environment to the macro level of cities and regions. Doxiadis divides human settlement into two major elements: (1) the physical container, which is artificial physical space and natural space, and (2) the content, which is human and society. The two major elements can be further broken down into five elements.
The first element is the Shell as a built space that is visible to the physical technology and aesthetics, from one building, group of buildings to the scale of the neighborhood and city. The shell, which is a private space, requires both linear and nodal communication spaces, and this is the second human settlement: Network which can mean infrastructure or in a broad sense is public space. Furthermore, the third element is natural space or Nature, namely the cosmos with its total eco-system with biotic and abiotic elements with climatological conditions: lighting, thermal, air movement, humidity. The last element (fourth and fifth) is a human resource or Human resources, both individuals and collectives. Man and Society are subjects and objects of built space consisting of Shell and Network, namely man made resources and natural space (as natural resources).
Doxiadis emphasized human rights in his space by stating that Human Settlement is a “Cosmos of Anthrophs”.
Humans are the highest creature created by God, the peak of ecological power, the highest subject in nature, who determines the preservation and destruction of nature. Thus, humans must act as khalifatullah or representatives of God, the Creator of this nature, to maintain and be responsible for the continuity of the physical environment and life in this cosmos. “The Cosmic City”, Kevin Lynch identifies a city created by planners and designers or “Ville Cree”, as a symbol of the close relationship between humans and their nature, humans and God the creator of the universe; the power or potential of nature is presented in the visual and inner image of the city community. Likewise, the “Organic City”, born from an “unplanned” city or “spontaneous ville”, a city that grows as a result of the pulse of human life, the result of the power of community collectivity, the power of participatory planning, the power of planning from below, is a “compromise of individual and common will” (Kostof, 1980) and is an adaptation to social forces. This is manifested by the wealth of public open spaces, as the heart of life, street nets as networks, capillarization and communication of life that knit a compact settlement or shell in the form of “tissu urbain” which saves natural resources (space) and energy in creating sustainability of human life in a limited nature.
“Container and Contents” or the container and its people are the universe itself as a container and place (place) for the continuation of human life. (“the total surface of the earth, the largest container for man, is for all practical purposes, the whole cosmos of Man, the cosmos of anthropos.” Doxiadis, 1968 Ekistic). The science of human settlement is the science of human living space with all its life from a micro to macro (regional) scale building.
1. Field Scope in Architecture and Urban Doctoral Program
As part of Human Settlement, architecture is the result of the synthesis of the products of the five elements from micro, messo to macro scale. As such, architecture is a science that explains the form of an artificial physical space and its effects on humans and the environment. It will explain the relationship between artificial physical space and various other aspects, such as:
- The human life aspect (anthropos): social, economic and cultural along with all aspects of human activities and behavior.
- The physical and visual aspects: aesthetics, technology, as well as natural conditions and mutual relationships with the environment (ecology).
As for the scope of study for the Architectural and Urban Engineering Doctoral Program at Diponegoro University, it will be limited to the micro-scale of buildings to the urban environment.
2. Encouragement of Sciences outside of Architecture and Urbanism
This doctoral program will provide scope in the exploration of architectural science from the scale of buildings to cities. Thus, this program is a Doctor of Architecture and Urbanism program.
To deepen the science of architecture and urbanism, the research approach will always enter the elements of human settlement mentioned above, which involves various disciplines, such as technology, natural science, art and humanity in various aspects: social, economic and cultural. Architecture and Urban as a result of the form of the built environment and human life (as Container and Content) occurs in a planned and designed process (design) formally or not, is a human work. Therefore, architecture and urban science involves the science of planning and design.
Doctoral education program as an education that produces principal researchers is the highest level of education, is an education that is able to create discoverers of science through in-depth research. The in-depth research requires a process that narrows (leads) to a limited but strategic holistic aspect or scope, meaning that the findings can find a science building that has a broad impact.
According to the rules of architectural formation mentioned above, the deepening of architectural research will enter the fields of other disciplines that vary and can enter various scales. The Doctoral Program in Architecture and Urban Studies must be supported by experts from various other disciplines.
The Doctorate Program in Architecture and Urban Studies at UNDIP will adjust to the capabilities of human resources and laboratories and references that have been built at UNDIP. Various mature faculties such as the faculties of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, Political Social, Cultural Sciences and Economics and Business support this program. The Department of Architecture and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning will be the main departments in supporting this Doctoral program.
Lectures, as well as dissertation guidance will be supported by professors and doctors in the various faculties and departments mentioned above.
3. Organizing Architecture and Urban Scientists in Indonesia
In addition to mobilizing human resources from UNDIP, this Doctoral Program in Architecture and Urbanism also includes Doctors and Professors in the field of Architecture and Urbanism in Indonesia from various Architecture and Planning Education in other universities, either those who already or those who do not have a “get ready with your case study paper right now” Doctoral Program. The goal of this endeavor is to:
- In order to make a group of doctoral education, deepening knowledge in the sub-fields of architecture and urban areas that are very broad by streamlining the doctors, professors of architecture and urban scattered in Indonesia.
- To create a network of scientific development and doctoral education in Architecture and Urban Studies in Indonesia.